Those "huge banana-like pods" that open into "yellow cauliflower" structures are the inflorescence (flower spike) of a queen palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana) or similar species. The yellow cauliflower-like mass is the male and female flowers. After pollination, these develop into orange seed clusters that eventually drop.
Most landscapers remove inflorescences at the "yellow cauliflower" stage—easier than handling heavy seed clusters later. Prune with a pole saw or hire an arborist for tall palms. Removal doesn't harm the tree and prevents messy seed drop.
Yes, seeds can grow new palms. Wait until seeds turn orange and fall naturally—they're then ripe. Collect fresh seeds, clean off fruit pulp, and plant in well-draining mix. Keep warm (80-90°F) and moist. Germination takes 2-6 months. Seedlings grow slowly; expect 3-5 years for a landscape-sized plant.
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