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Holly Sooty Mold: Insect or Fungus? Two Treatment Paths

Three robust holly trees in full bloom; leaves covered in adherent black soot. New leaves emerging.

Test: Sticky Leaves?

Yes (sticky/honeydew): Sucking insects (aphids/scale). Spray Orthene (acephate) into foliage. If too tall: soil drench Bayer Advanced Tree & Shrub (imidacloprid). Mold stops, rain washes off.
No (not sticky): Fungal growth on leaf surface. Treat with copper fungicide, repeat in 3 weeks.

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Expert insight provided by Steve.

Plant Diseases: Holly Sooty Mold and Leaf Drop: Insect-Driven Dual Symptom; Holly and Camellia White Underside Coating: Cottony Cushion Scale; Holly Leaf Miner: Systemic Insecticides for Internal Feeders; Cylindrocladium Leaf Spot on Holly: Identification and Fungicide Program; Powdery Mildew on Holly: Fungicide Options and Application Timing; Sooty Mold Lingering After Insect Treatment? Here's What to Do; Holly Black Leaves: Sooty Mold from Scale or Aphids; Holly Hedge Sooty Mold: Aphids on North Side; Sooty Mold on Crepe Myrtle & Gardenia: Aphid Control; Holly Leaf Holes: Not Aphids, Caterpillars/Beetles

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