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Black Soot on Lemon Leaves: Sooty Mold from Insects

Black, soot-like coating on lemon leaves is sooty mold—a fungus growing on honeydew from sap-feeding insects (scale, aphids, whiteflies).

Fix

Find the insect: check leaf undersides, stems.
Take samples to nursery for ID.
Control the insect (oil, soap, systemic); mold will weather away.
Search "sooty mold citrus" images to confirm.

No fungicide needed for the mold itself.

Plant Diseases: Lemon Tree Leaf Curl and Yellowing in Madrid: Environmental Stress; Meyer Lemon Pest Management: Slugs, Aphids, Leaf Curl, and Organic Fruit Safety; Aphids on Indoor Meyer Lemon: Organic and Chemical Options; Lemon Tree Yellow Spots: Sunburn, Not Disease; Lemon Tree Leaf Miner and Nutrient Management: Seasonal Care Guide; Lemon Tree Mysterious Decline: No Clear Pathogen, Focus on Cultural Care; Lemon Tree from Seed: No Fruit, Leaf Drop, Webbing; Meyer Lemon in NJ: Indoor Pests, Pot Size, and Neem Oil Rescue; Scale Insects on Lemon Tree: Identification and Organic Control; Meyer Lemon Winter Care: Don't Prune Leafless Branches Yet

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