American Holly (Ilex opaca): Classic Evergreen for Berries

American holly is a classic evergreen tree native to eastern North America, celebrated for its spiny leaves and bright red berries that persist through winter, a symbol of the holiday season.

Botanical Profile

Description and Features

This slow-growing tree reaches 40–50 feet tall with a pyramidal crown. Leaves are leathery, dark green, with sharp spines. Plants are dioecious; female trees produce abundant red drupes in fall, persisting into winter. Bark is smooth, gray.

Cultivation and Uses

American holly prefers full sun to partial shade and moist, acidic, well-drained soil. It is shade-tolerant. Plant male and female trees for fruit. Used as a specimen, screen, or for holiday greenery. Many cultivars exist with varied leaf spininess and fruit color.

Wildlife Value

Berries are a critical winter food for birds; foliage provides cover.