Ilex opaca: American Holly, a Majestic Evergreen Tree with Red Berries

Ilex opaca (American holly) is an erect, evergreen large shrub or tree reaching 40–50 feet tall and 20–40 feet wide. Leathery dark green leaves have pointy, scalloped edges. Small green berries appear in late summer, maturing to crimson by autumn and persisting through winter. Some ripen to yellow or orange. Used as a specimen tree or in woodland gardens.

Care

Grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil. Hollies are dioecious, so a few male plants are needed for female berry production. Can be kept shrub-like by pruning in spring. Plant or transplant in spring.

Propagation

Semi-ripe cuttings in summer or early autumn.

Problems

Young shoots susceptible to aphids. Also watch for scale insects and leaf miners. Phytophthora root rot sometimes occurs.

Overview

• Height: Over 30 ft.
• Spread: Over 30 ft.
• Light: Full Sun to Part Shade
• Moisture: Medium Moisture
• Characteristics: Attracts Song Birds, Native, Showy Foliage, Showy Fruit
• Foliage Color: Evergreen
• Uses: Hedge, Specimen Plant/Focal Point
• Style: Woodland Garden
• Seasonal Interest: Spring Interest
• Type: Trees