The "dust" on fronds and fine webbing are spider mites. Misting reveals water droplets beading on their webs. Parlor palms (Chamaedorea elegans) are especially prone.
The "light-colored bugs in soil" and "pile of waste" suggest fungus gnat larvae. Remove loose topsoil not touching roots, let the top 1–2 inches dry completely, then submerge the pot in water for 45 minutes to force larvae out. Discard the plant if infestation is severe—big-box store plants often come with contaminated soil.
Use sterile, soilless mix. Water only when the top inch is dry. Provide bright, indirect light.
Understanding Soil pH: What It Is, Ideal Levels, and How to Adjust It
Sago Palm Yellowing: Soil Testing for Root Zone Diagnosis
Sunburned Palm Recovery: Acclimation, Rainwater, and Slow-Release Fertilizer
Troubleshooting Diseased or Infested Planter Soil
How to Repot an Areca Palm (Or Why You Probably Shouldn't)
Dealing with Soil Pests in Majesty Palms: Why They're Prone to Infestations and How to Respond
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