Brussels Sprouts: Sweetest After a Frost

Brussels sprouts are slow-growing, long-season vegetables in the cabbage family. The sprouts—miniature cabbage-like heads—form where the leaves meet the main stem. Freshly harvested and lightly steamed, they are a culinary delight far superior to frozen supermarket versions.

About This Plant

Though a mealtime tradition for centuries, many people dislike Brussels sprouts—often because they've only tasted overcooked, frozen ones. Homegrown sprouts, especially after a light frost, are remarkably sweet and tender. Flavor improves significantly after exposure to cold temperatures.

Site Selection

Select a site with full sun and well-drained soil. Prepare the bed by loosening soil to 12–15 inches deep and incorporating a 2- to 4-inch layer of compost.

Planting Instructions

Fall-harvested crops are generally more successful than summer ones. Timing varies by variety, location, and season. Count backward from your first fall frost date to determine when to start plants. Start seeds indoors in flats or pots 4 to 6 weeks before transplanting to the garden, or buy nursery transplants. You can also direct-sow seeds in the garden 4 months before the average first fall frost.

To start indoors: sow seeds 1 inch apart in flats. Transplant to 2½-inch pots after the first two true leaves appear. When roots are established, transplant to the garden, spacing plants 14 to 24 inches apart. For direct sowing: plant 4 to 5 seeds per foot, ¼ inch deep.

Care

Thin direct-seeded plants to 14–24 inches apart when they reach 4–5 inches tall. Mulch to retain moisture and control weeds. Water during summer if rainfall is less than 1 inch per week. When sprouts reach half their desired size, remove the lowest leaves to encourage larger sprout development. To induce early maturity, pinch out the growing tip when sprouts have formed on 10–12 inches of stem—this directs energy into sprout enlargement. Contact your local extension office for pest controls (aphids, flea beetles, cabbageworms, loopers).