Ornamental Pepper (Capsicum annuum): Colorful but Short-Lived Holiday Display

Botanical Name: Capsicum annuum

Grown for its spectacular fruit display, ornamental pepper isn't much to look at until fall/winter when it loads up with ripening peppers. Also called Christmas Pepper.

C. annuum produces a bounty of colorful peppers for up to 6 weeks. It's a one-time show—after fruiting, it won't bear again and is typically discarded as a temporary houseplant.

White star-shaped flowers appear in summer/early fall, followed by cone-shaped or round peppers that mature from green to yellow, orange, and red. Some varieties have near-black purple fruit. 'Black Pearl' is a popular cultivar with striking dark foliage.

Care & Cautions

• Pinch new growth to encourage bushiness.
• Keep warm: Tropical native; no temperatures below 55°F (13°C).
• CAUTION: Peppers are edible but fiery hot. Juice causes painful burning of eyes/mouth. Keep away from children; wash hands after handling.

Ornamental Pepper Care Quick Reference

• Origin: South America
• Height: To 1 ft (30 cm)
• Light: Bright light with ≥4 hours direct sun daily
• Water: Evenly moist. Leaves drop if too wet or dry. Water thoroughly, discard drainage.
• Humidity: Average to moderate. Mist occasionally if needed.
• Temperature: Cool nights 55–60°F (13–16°C); warm days 70–75°F (21–24°C)
• Soil: Any good potting mix
• Fertilizer: Monthly. Tomato fertilizer works well.
• Propagation: Seeds sown in spring