Understanding Soil Preference Terms for Perennials

Question: What do terms like "well drained," "average to rich fertility," "poor fertility," "humus rich," "loamy," "light" mean for perennial gardening in Zone 5 Illinois?

Key Concepts

Clay holds water/nutrients but drains slowly—most perennials dislike. Loose woodland soil drains better but holds fewer nutrients. Best mix: combine both.

Practical Mix

Drainage is most important. Elevate beds to prevent overwatering. Blend ~1/2 clay with 1/2 coarse organic matter (composted leaves, manure, cotton hulls, fine pine bark, peat, little sand). 50/50 clay and ground pine bark works well.

Exceptions

• Woodland plants: need decomposed leaf litter.
• Marginals: need more moisture, don't elevate bed.

Most perennials thrive with the basic mix.