Most vegetable seeds remain viable 3–5 years if stored cool (35–40°F) and dry. Flower seeds often last up to 5 years. Germination rates decline ~10% per year; sow thicker to compensate.
| Vegetable | Years | Vegetable | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asparagus | 3 | Muskmelon | 5 |
| Beans | 3 | Onion | 1 |
| Beets | 4 | Peas | 3 |
| Broccoli | 5 | Peppers | 2 |
| Cabbage | 5 | Pumpkin | 4 |
| Carrots | 3 | Radish | 5 |
| Cauliflower | 5 | Spinach | 5 |
| Corn | 2 | Squash | 4 |
| Cucumber | 5 | Tomato | 4 |
| Lettuce | 5 | Watermelon | 4 |
2005-packaged seeds may still germinate, especially if refrigerated. Test a sample before committing garden space.
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