Holly Bush Dying: Scale Insects or Winter Injury

Two Likely Causes

Scale insects: Cottony masses on stems/leaves. Suck sap → death. Treat with horticultural oil.
Winter injury: Cold desiccation.

Heavy fertilization to strengthen and encourage new growth.

Shrubs: Variegated Holly Leaf Discoloration: Treating Fungal Leaf Spot; Variegated Holly Losing Lower Leaves: Scale and Chlorotic Shoots; Black Sooty Mold on Holly: Control the Sucking Insects First; Desert Rose Brown Tips: Overwatering in Alabama; Geranium Decline After Prolonged Rain: Adjusting Watering and Fertilizing; Holly Leaf Spot: Fungicide Too Late Now, Plan for Spring; Holly Leaf Miner Control: Systemic Insecticide Timing and Life Cycle; China Boy/Girl Holly Decline: Soil Testing and Professional Tree Care; Mature Holly Sudden Defoliation: Winter Desiccation from Temperature Swing; Using Fall Leaves in the Garden Without Composting

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