Small Tunnels in UK Lawn: Voles, Moles, or Something Else?

1-inch wide tunnels, 8-inch deep, curved, no soil piles. Vertical depth only a few inches. 2 last year, 1 new. What's making them?

UK Lawn Tunnel Suspects

• Voles (field mice): Shallow runways, 1–2" wide, no mounds. Active day/night.
• Moles: Deeper tunnels, usually push soil up (molehills).
• Rats: 2–4" holes, often near structures.
• Solitary bees/wasps: Small holes in bare soil, but not tunnels.

Best Next Step

Consult local UK resources: RHS, Garden Organic, or county council environmental health. They know regional pests and legal controls.

Don't guess-treat. ID first.