Nearly every nation has adopted a floral emblem that reflects its identity, history, culture, or natural heritage. Some are chosen by government decree, others by popular vote. From the iconic cherry blossom of Japan to the golden wattle of Australia, these flowers tell a story about the countries they represent. Below is a comprehensive, continent-organized list of national flowers.
Asia
- Afghanistan: Tulip (Tulipa)
- Bangladesh: Shapla / White Water Lily (Nymphaea pubescens)
- Bhutan: Blue Poppy (Meconopsis grandis)
- China: Plum Blossom (Prunus mume)
- Hong Kong: Hong Kong Orchid (Bauhinia blakeana)
- India: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
- Indonesia: Jasmine (Jasminum sambac)
- Iran: Tulip (Tulipa)
- Iraq: Red Rose (Rosa)
- Israel: Cyclamen (Cyclamen)
- Japan: Sakura / Cherry Blossom (Prunus serrulata)
- Jordan: Black Iris (Iris nigricans)
- Kazakhstan: Lily (Lilium)
- Laos: Frangipani (Plumeria alba)
- Malaysia: Bunga Raya / Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
- Maldives: Pink Polyantha Rose (Rosa polyantha)
- Nepal: Rhododendron (Rhododendron)
- North Korea: Magnolia (Magnolia sieboldii)
- Pakistan: Poet's Jasmine (Jasminum officinale)
- Philippines: Sampaguita / Arabian Jasmine (Jasminum sambac)
- Russia: Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
- Singapore: Vanda Miss Joaquim (hybrid orchid)
- South Korea: Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
- Syria: Jasmine (Jasminum)
- Vietnam: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
- Other Asian nations: Brunei – Simpoh Ayer (Dillenia suffruticosa); Cambodia – Romduol (Mitrella mesnyi); Kuwait – Arfaj (Rhanterium epapposum); Myanmar – Paduak (Pterocarpus indicus); Sri Lanka – Water Lily (Nymphaea stellata); Thailand – Golden Shower Tree (Cassia fistula)
Europe
- Andorra: Narcissus (Narcissus)
- Austria: Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum)
- Belarus: Wild Blue Flax (Linum usitatissimum)
- Belgium: Red Poppy (Papaver rhoeas)
- Bulgaria: Damask Rose (Rosa × damascena)
- Croatia: Iris (Iris croatica)
- Cyprus: Cyclamen (Cyclamen cyprium)
- Czech Republic: Rose (Rosa)
- England: Red Rose (Rosa)
- Estonia: Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
- Faroe Islands: Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris)
- France: Iris (Iris)
- Germany: Blue Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
- Gibraltar: Candytuft (Iberis gibraltarica)
- Greece: Bear's Breech (Acanthus mollis)
- Hungary: Tulip (Tulipa)
- Iceland: Mountain Avens (Dryas octopetala)
- Italy: Daisy (Bellis perennis)
- Latvia: Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)
- Liechtenstein: Yellow Lily (Lilium)
- Lithuania: Rue (Ruta graveolens)
- Luxembourg: Rose (Rosa)
- Macedonia: Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum)
- Monaco: Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
- Netherlands: Tulip (Tulipa)
- Norway: Pyramidal Saxifrage (Saxifraga cotyledon)
- Poland: Red Poppy (Papaver rhoeas)
- Portugal: Lavender (Lavandula spica)
- Romania: Dog Rose (Rosa canina)
- Scotland: Scotch Thistle (Onopordum acanthium)
- Serbia: Plum Blossom (Prunus domestica)
- Slovakia: Rose (Rosa)
- Slovenia: Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
- Spain: Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
- Switzerland: Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum)
- Ukraine: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
- Wales: Daffodil (Narcissus)
- Other European nations: Bosnia & Herzegovina – Golden Lily (Lilium bosniacum); Finland – Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis); Ireland – Shamrock (Trifolium dubium); Malta – Maltese Rock Centaury (Cheirolophus crassifolius)
Africa
- Algeria: Iris (Iris tectorum)
- Angola: Welwitschia (Welwitschia mirabilis)
- Botswana: Rose (Rosa)
- Burkina Faso: Rose (Rosa)
- Egypt: Egyptian Lotus (Nymphaea lotus)
- Ethiopia: Calla Lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica)
- Gabon: African Tulip (Spathodea campanulata)
- Lesotho: Spiral Aloe (Aloe polyphylla)
- Liberia: Pepper (Piper nigrum)
- Libya: Pomegranate Blossom (Punica granatum)
- Madagascar: Royal Poinciana (Delonix regia)
- Namibia: Welwitschia (Welwitschia mirabilis)
- South Africa: King Protea (Protea cynaroides)
- Tunisia: Jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum)
- Zambia: Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea)
- Zimbabwe: Flame Lily (Gloriosa superba)
- Other African nations: Mauritius – Boucle d'Oreille (Trochetia boutoniana); Nigeria – Spiral Ginger (Costus spectabilis)
North America
- Antigua & Barbuda: Dagger Log (Agave karatto)
- Barbados: Pride of Barbados (Caesalpinia pulcherrima)
- Costa Rica: Orchid (Guarianthe skinneri)
- Cuba: White Mariposa (Hedychium coronarium)
- El Salvador: Flor de Izote (Yucca gigantea)
- Mexico: Dahlia (Dahlia)
- Nicaragua: Sacuanjoche (Plumeria alba)
- Panama: Holy Ghost Orchid (Peristeria elata)
- St. Kitts & Nevis: Red Royal Poinciana (Delonix regia)
- The Bahamas: Yellow Elder (Tecoma stans)
- Other Caribbean & Central American nations: Belize – Black Orchid (Prosthechea cochleata); Bermuda – Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium montanum); Dominica – Caribwood (Poitea carinalis); Dominican Republic – Mahogany Flower (Swietenia mahagoni); Guatemala – Monja Blanca (Lycaste skinneri); Honduras – Brassavola Orchid (Rhyncholaelia digbyana); Jamaica – Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum officinale); Puerto Rico – Flor de Maga (Thespesia grandiflora); Trinidad & Tobago – Chaconia (Warszewiczia coccinea)
- Canada: No official national flower (maple leaf is emblem); each province has its own floral emblem.
South America
- Argentina: Ceibo (Erythrina crista-galli)
- Bolivia: Lobster Claw / Heliconia (Heliconia rostrata)
- Brazil: Golden Trumpet (Tabebuia alba)
- Colombia: Christmas Orchid (Cattleya trianae)
- Guyana: Victoria Regia Lily (Victoria amazonica)
- Peru: Cantuta (Cantua buxifolia)
- Uruguay: Passion Flower (Passiflora)
- Venezuela: Flor de Mayo (Cattleya mossiae)
- Chile: Copihue (Lapageria rosea)
- Paraguay: Mburucuyá (Passiflora edulis)
Oceania
- Australia: Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha)
- New Zealand: Pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa)
- French Polynesia / Cook Islands / Tahiti: Tahitian Gardenia (Gardenia taitensis)
- Fiji: Tagimaucia (Medinilla waterhousei)
- Tonga: Heilala (Garcinia sessilis)
National flowers are more than decorative symbols—they embody a nation's spirit, whether through indigenous beauty, historical resonance, sacred meaning, or popular affection. Exploring them offers a vivid, fragrant tour of the world's botanical and cultural diversity.
