Sapsucker Damage on Birch: Identification and Management

Rows of small, shallow holes in horizontal lines on birch bark = **yellow-bellied sapsucker (*Sphyrapicus varius*)** feeding. They drill sap wells; insects attracted to sap become bird food.

Impact on Thin-Barked Trees

• Birch bark is thin—**extensive drilling can girdle branches or trunk**.
• Creates entry for pathogens, insects.
• Heavy feeding = dieback, decline.

Management

1. **Deterrent:** Wrap affected trunk/branches with **burlap, hardware cloth, or commercial tree wrap** (Oct–Apr). Remove in spring.
2. **Insecticide on sap wells** (Malathion, Orthene) kills attracted insects → birds leave. **Short-term only.**
3. **Visual/auditory scare devices** (reflective tape, predator calls) – variable success.

Legal Note

Sapsuckers are **migratory birds protected by federal law** (MBTA). Lethal control requires permit. Non-lethal exclusion is standard.