Winter Perennial Cleanup: When & How

A new gardener asked if she should trim dead perennial growth in winter/spring for regrowth.

Yes – Clean Up Before Spring Emergence

Timing: Late fall (after hard freeze) OR late winter/early spring (before new growth). Both work.

How-To

1. Cut dead stems to 2–3" above ground.
2. Remove all debris (disease/pest harbor).
3. Compost healthy material; trash diseased.
4. Leave ornamental grasses, coneflower heads, sedum for winter interest/birds – cut in early spring.
5. Mulch crowns after cleanup (leaves, straw, bark).

Exceptions

• Evergreen perennials (heuchera, bergenia, hellebore): Remove only dead leaves.
• Subshrubs (lavender, Russian sage, buddleia): Prune in spring, not fall.
• Marginally hardy plants: Leave tops for crown protection; cut in spring.

Why It Matters

• Removes overwintering pathogens/insects.
• Allows light/air to crowns.
• Prevents crown rot from matted wet leaves.
• Gives you a clean slate for spring.

Do it now or in March. Your plants will thank you.