Small white or pinkish worms (1–1.5 inches) that emerge from the drainage holes when you water are likely harmless soil-dwelling worms or insect larvae. They often hitchhike in non-sterile potting mixes or soil brought in from outdoors. While they don't harm the plant directly, their presence indicates the soil stays too moist.
Submerge the pot up to its rim in a tub of plain water for about 30 minutes. The worms will flee the saturated soil seeking air. You can then scoop them off the surface. If the pot is large or heavy, enlist help. Note: Styrofoam packing peanuts at the bottom of the pot can keep it afloat, preventing the soil from fully saturating. Remove them for best results—they don't improve drainage anyway.
If the plunge method isn't feasible, a systemic insecticide labeled as a soil drench (such as Merit or Marathon) can be used. Apply carefully, following label directions, and keep pets and children away from the treated soil.
Use only sterile, well-draining potting mixes for indoor plants. Allow the top layer of soil to dry between waterings to discourage worms and other soil pests.
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