Carnations (Dianthus) thrive in cool weather and alkaline soil. If your seedling wilts in the sun but recovers in shade, heat stress is likely the culprit. These plants prefer morning sun with afternoon shade in hot climates.
Check for overwatering, too. Soggy soil causes root rot, which prevents water uptake even when the soil is wet. If the roots are mushy, repot in fresh, well-draining soil and water only when the top inch dries out. True florist carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) are especially sensitive and often do best in controlled greenhouse conditions.
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