Thousands of tiny round holes + "hook" shaped leader (crooked top) = pine borers (likely Ips engraver beetles or Monochamus sawyers). Holes are exit holes; moss grows on dead wood.
Reapply each spring. Borers overwinter in soil/bark; continuous protection breaks cycle.
Contact sprays don't reach larvae under bark. Systemic is only effective method for established infestation.
Dead pines (no green) should be removed promptly—breed more beetles, fall hazard.
Diagnosing Pine Tree Decline in Southern Illinois
Pine Tree Identification: Expert Referral for Virginia Specimen
Can You Transplant a 20-Foot Pine Without Roots?
Standing Water at Pine Base: Trees Don't Produce Water—Check for Leaks
Tree House on Pines: Nail Damage, Beetle Risk, and Ant Management
Heavy Cone Production on Ponderosa Pine Indicates Stress
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Managing Neighbor's Pine Tree Roots Encroaching Your Yard
Norfolk Island Pine Dropping Leaves: Light, Water, or Age?
Can a Norfolk Island Pine Be Planted Outdoors? Climate Requirements
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