Black Elder (Sambucus nigra): Fragrant Flowers & Glossy Black Berries

Black Elder: Fast-Growing Shrub with Scented Flowers and Bird-Favorite Berries

Sambucus nigra forms an upright, bushy shrub with toothed green leaves, scented flattened clusters of white flowers in early summer, and glossy black fruit. It has given rise to many ornamental foliage cultivars. Birds love the berries (culinary when cooked; raw causes illness). Fast-growing, suitable for mixed borders, hedges, and naturalizing.

Key Features

• Scented white flower clusters in early summer
• Glossy black berries (edible cooked)
• Fast-growing, upright habit
• Many ornamental cultivars available
• Attracts songbirds and butterflies
• Leaves may irritate skin

Growing Conditions

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Soil: Moderately fertile, moist but well-drained
• Water: Medium moisture
• Maintenance: Low; benefits from hard pruning to restrict size

Propagation

Sow seed in cold frame in fall; softwood cuttings in early summer.

Potential Problems

Powdery mildew, canker, dieback, rust, fungal leaf spots, borers, viruses.

Quick Reference

Height:	10–15 ft.
Spread:	15–30 ft.
Bloom Time:	Early summer, summer
Flower Color:	White
Fruit:	Glossy black
Growth Rate:	Fast
Uses:	Borders, hedges, naturalizing, wildlife gardens, cottage/woodland gardens