Mosaic Viruses: Identification, Control & Prevention

Mosaic viruses infect 150+ plant types, causing mottled yellow, white, and green leaf patterns. Common hosts: tomatoes, squash, cauliflower, cucumbers. Two major types:

• Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV): Spread by aphids; causes "shoestring syndrome" (narrow, strap-like leaves); stunts plants.
• Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV): Spread via seeds and contact; resistant varieties are best defense.

Identification

• Mottled, elevated leaf spots (blister-like appearance).
• Stunted, poor growth.
• Deformed, crinkled, or wavy leaves.
• CMV: Shoestring syndrome; small, misshapen tomatoes.
• TMV: Yellow mottling; twisted young growth.

Control

No cure exists. Remove and destroy all infected plants. Disinfect tools.

Prevention

• Plant resistant varieties (TMV-resistant tomatoes may have some CMV resistance).
• Exclude aphids/leafhoppers with row covers or reflective mulches.
• Control weeds—alternate virus hosts.
• For TMV: soak seeds in 10% bleach solution; avoid tobacco near plants.

Plants Affected

• Tomatoes
• Cucumbers
• Cauliflower
• Squash & Zucchini