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Complete Rose Care Guide: Planting, Feeding, Pruning & Disease Control

No flower captures the gardener's heart like the rose. With thousands of varieties available, success comes down to mastering the fundamentals that apply to all types—bush and climbing alike.

Planting Basics

When: November through March (dormant season).
Grade: Buy #1 grade plants—three to five canes, 3/8″+ diameter, 18″ long. They establish faster and outperform #2 grades.
Technique: Dig a wide hole, spread roots over a soil cone, set the graft union 1″ above soil level. Water thoroughly.

Soil, Mulch & Water

Mulch with chips, pine straw, or leaves.
Water regularly during the first year; keep foliage dry to discourage disease.
Soak deeply once a week rather than frequent light sprinklings.

Fertilizing

Monthly from March to September.
3 tbsp 10-10-10 per plant (5 tbsp for plants over 5′ tall).

Disease Management

Black spot: Small black spots → yellow leaves → defoliation. Begin weekly fungicide sprays at first leaf emergence in spring. Powdery mildew: White-gray coating on leaves/buds. Spray at first sign; avoid overhead watering.

Insect Control

Aphids (underside of leaves) and thrips (bud damage) are common. Use rose-labeled insecticides as needed.

Pruning

Bush roses: Late February—remove weak canes, keep 4–6 strong canes with 3 vigorous shoots each (6–12″ long).
Climbers: After spring bloom—remove old flowering canes, keep 5–6 healthy new canes.