Basic Landscape Design: A Step-by-Step Planning Guide

Graph paper and ruler.

Overview

Landscape design is your property's overall plan—each element fitting like puzzle pieces into a soothing, beautiful whole. Functions range from pure beauty to enhanced outdoor living. Like interior decorating, basic landscape design follows a logical process.

Design Steps

Step 1: List Needs

Consider outdoor functions: beauty, property value, play areas, pools, outdoor living (porch, deck, patio). Decide how to best use your space.

Step 2: Scaled Base Map

Sketch property on graph paper including house, driveways, sidewalks, and other permanent features.

Step 3: Light Assessment

Evaluate sun exposure (full sun, partial sun, partial shade, deep shade) in each area. Prevents expensive wrong-plant mistakes.

Step 4: Soil Testing

Sample planned garden areas; test at local garden center. Results inform soil amendments and budgeting.

Step 5: Maintenance Level

Want hands-on? Multiple beds and lawn. Prefer low-maintenance? Xeriscape gardens with drought tolerance.

Step 6: Activity Zones

Pencil in entertainment areas (patios, decks), paths connecting front/back.

Step 7: Privacy and Noise

Consider fences for privacy, hedges to muffle traffic noise.

Step 8: Architectural Harmony

Choose hardscape materials (pavers, edging, walls) in colors complementing home exterior. Add to scaled plan.

Step 9: Plant Selection

Choose climate-appropriate plants. Natives tolerate local conditions, reduce maintenance. Visit local nurseries for best regional selections.