Clean, beaver-like cuts on pencil-sized twigs accumulating on the ground = **twig girdler (Oncideres spp.)** activity. Females girdle twigs in late summer/fall, lay eggs in the severed portion, and larvae develop inside the fallen twig over winter.
**Minor unless severe.** Heavy, repeated girdling can deform young trees. Mature trees tolerate it well. Sanitation breaks the cycle without chemicals.
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