Controlling Bougainvillea Loopers and Scale

Photos show bougainvillea looper caterpillars (chewed leaves, black frass) and likely scale insects. Treatment:

1. Spinosad (Monterey Garden Spray, Captain Jack's Deadbug Brew) – organic, bacterial derivative. Spray at night (protect bees) for 3–5 consecutive nights. Targets chewers.
2. Horticultural oil (all-season, not dormant) – smothers scale. Apply when temps under 80°F. Cover tops and bottoms of leaves.

Combine both for full control. Recheck in 5 days; if damage continues, seek further advice. Local garden centers carry these products.