Podocarpus Bonsai: Scale Insects or Natural Bumps?

Brown scabs on leaf undersides + "trimmed" look + root bumps. Photo needed for certainty.

Likely Scale Insects

Match-head sized brown bumps, often with sticky residue. Treatment:

1. Spray entire plant until dripping: 5 parts water + 1 part isopropyl alcohol + squirt liquid soap.
2. Cover all surfaces. Repeat if any survive.

Root Bumps

Exposed roots normal on bonsai. Small brown bumps often natural. Photo to confirm.

Email photo to wcreed@HorticulturalHelp.com for definitive ID.