Water Softener (Culligan) Output Is Harmful to Nepenthes: Use Untreated or RO Water Instead

Why Softened Water Is Worse

Ion-exchange softeners replace calcium/magnesium with sodium. Sodium is toxic to carnivorous plants at low concentrations. Hard water is safer than softened.

Best Water Sources

1. Reverse osmosis (RO) or distilled.
2. Rainwater.
3. Untreated tap (if <100 ppm for Nepenthes).