Rusty spots → dark brown whole leaf → black rub-off spots = severe scale infestation. Black spots = sooty mold on honeydew. Scales removable with fingernail; no leaf damage underneath.
Lawn irrigation may keep root zone too wet → stress → scale susceptibility. Moving to slope = good drainage idea.
Photos will confirm scale vs. fungal vs. nutrient. Scale is most likely given black rub-off spots.
Indoor Lemon Tree Losing Leaves: Fungus and Possible Spider Mites
Plectrelminthus caudatus Leaf Spots: Fungal Management in Humid Conditions
Single Brown Leaf on Young Phalaenopsis: Simple Fix
Cymbidium Brown Leaf Spots: Fungal Treatment and Prevention
Brassia Brown Leaf Spots: Sunburn or Fungus Treatment
Rapid Decline in Water Oak: Brown Spots to Total Defoliation in Days
Lilac Bacterial Blight: Brown-to-Black Leaves, Not Just Water Issues
Diagnosing Brown Spots and Yellowing Leaves on Chitalpa in Alkaline Soil
Brown Spots on Orchid Leaves: Scale Insect or Fungus?
Brown Spots on Climbing Rose: Black Spot, Not Grape Fungus
Dracaena Marginata Leaf Browning: Light and Watering Adjustments
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