Leaves turning yellow, then brown and crispy—especially if drying up rather than wilting—suggests pH imbalance or fertilizer toxicity, not excess water (which causes yellowing with limp texture).
| Symptom Pattern | Likely Cause | Test/Confirm |
|---|---|---|
| Oldest leaves first, uniform yellow→brown | Nitrogen deficiency | Soil test N; apply fish emulsion |
| Leaf edges brown, curling, older leaves first | Potassium deficiency | Soil test K; apply kelp meal |
| Yellow between veins (green veins), new growth | Iron deficiency (high pH) | pH test >7.0; chelated iron foliar |
| Brown crispy patches, salt crust on soil | Fertilizer burn (salt toxicity) | EC meter >2 dS/m; flush 3× pot volume |
| Yellow with brown spots, spreading | Early blight/Septoria | Inspect spots; copper fungicide |
"New soil around roots" risks further root disturbance. Better: top-dress 1 inch compost + worm castings, water in. Roots grow into it naturally.
pH and EC meters ($15-20 each) eliminate guesswork. Test before treating.
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