Norfolk Island Hibiscus (Lagunaria patersonii): Pyramidal Evergreen with Itchy Seeds

Norfolk Island Hibiscus, also called Cow Itch Tree, Pyramid Tree, or Queensland Pyramid Tree, is a distinctive evergreen tree native to Norfolk Island and parts of Australia. Lagunaria patersonii (family Malvaceae) is prized for its symmetrical pyramidal form and hibiscus-like flowers, but infamous for the irritating hairs in its seed pods.

Ornamental Attributes

This tree naturally forms a dense, formal pyramid 30-50 feet tall, requiring little pruning to maintain its shape. The leaves are oval, 2-4 inches long, leathery, olive-green above and grayish beneath. From late spring through summer, it produces 1-2 inch, hibiscus-like flowers—pale pink to mauve with darker centers—borne singly in leaf axils. The seed capsules are brown, woody, and split open to reveal seeds embedded in fine, glass-like hairs that cause intense skin irritation (hence "Cow Itch").

Taxonomic Classification

Cultivation and Cautions

Norfolk Island Hibiscus thrives in coastal conditions—salt spray, wind, sandy soil—and is drought-tolerant once established. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil. It's hardy to about 25°F (zone 9b). The pyramidal form makes it an excellent street tree, screen, or specimen where a formal shape is desired.

Critical caution: The seed pod hairs are intensely irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Avoid planting near pools, play areas, or walkways. Wear gloves and protective clothing when pruning or handling seed pods. Some communities restrict its use due to this hazard. The cultivar 'Royal Purple' has deeper flower color. Consider the related Hibiscus tiliaceus (Sea Hibiscus) for similar coastal tolerance without the itch factor.