Croton (Codiaeum variegatum) – Colorful Variegated Foliage for Bright Interiors

Croton (Codiaeum variegatum)

In nature, an evergreen shrub up to 3 meters tall—great for outdoor borders/hedges. Indoors, with correct temperatures and humidity, it's an interesting container plant adding color. Needs bright room with sunlight.

Appearance

Grown primarily for foliage, not insignificant flowers. Leathery leaves vary in color/size by variety, often shifting from green to deep purple with prominent veins.

Flowering

White/yellow small clusters along stems at various times outdoors; unlikely to flower indoors.

Displaying

Often in greenhouses/conservatories for light and size. Can grow anywhere at home with correct conditions: plenty of water, east/west windowsill, no cold drafts, high humidity.

Toxicity

Milky sap is toxic. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Sap irritates skin—wear gloves when handling.

Quick Facts

• Origin: South India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Western Pacific Islands
• Common Names: Croton, Joseph's coat
• Botanical Name: Codiaeum variegatum (syn. Croton variegatum)
• Max Height: 3 ft
• Pet Toxicity: Toxic to cats and dogs

Croton Care

• Temperature: 65–80°F (18–27°C); no lower than 60°F (15°C). Avoid cold drafts.
• Light: Plenty of light essential for healthy appearance.
• Watering: Keep soil moist with tepid water spring–summer; much less in winter.
• Soil: Peat-based (2 parts) with perlite/sand (1 part) or other well-draining mix.
• Fertilizer: Diluted fertilizer every 2 weeks during growing season (spring–fall).
• Re-potting: Every 2–3 years; only size up when outgrown. Likes crowded roots.
• Humidity: High humidity—use humidifier or pebble tray.
• Propagation: Spring stem cuttings with rooting hormone, bottom heat if possible.
• Pruning: Cut stems back to size in spring if too large/bushy.

Common Problems

• Leaves losing color: Most common cause—insufficient light.
• Brown leaf tips/edges: Dry air or dry soil (tips); low temperature (edges).
• Insects: Mealybugs and scale.