Plant Pathogens: Fungal and Bacterial Disease Management

Fungi dominate plant pathogens—spreading via wind, water, tools, and debris. They thrive in shade, humidity, and poor air circulation. Dead leaves overwinter spores; spring rains splash them onto new growth. Lower branches in shade stay damp—prime infection sites.

Prevention Through Culture

Spacing: plant for mature size, not planting size. Pruning: remove lower limbs, thin centers for light/air penetration. Sanitation: remove fallen leaves promptly. Fungicides: rotating modes of action, preventive schedules—but overuse breeds resistance. Cultural management is the foundation; chemicals are the backup.