Understanding True Bulbs: Structure and Growth

A true bulb is an underground stem base containing an embryonic plant complete with leaves, stems, and flower buds, ready to grow when conditions are right. Surrounding this embryo are scales—modified leaves overlapping in a scalelike arrangement. At the base is the basal plate, which holds scales together and produces roots. Many true bulbs, including daffodil (Narcissus) and tulip (Tulipa), have a protective outer tunic. Lily (Lilium) bulbs lack a tunic, making them prone to drying; handle with care.

An individual bulb can live for years. New, smaller bulbs (increases or offsets) form from buds on the basal plate, allowing natural multiplication.