Pinyon Pine: A Small Evergreen with Edible Nuts

Pinyon pines (Pinus cembroides edulis, two-needle pinyon) are slow-growing, small evergreens native to the dry uplands of the Southwest. Their nuts have fed wildlife and people for millennia; their resinous wood is prized for fragrance and firewood.

Quick Reference

• Botanical name: Pinus cembroides edulis
• Common name: Pinyon pine
• Origin: Southwestern U.S.
• USDA zones: 4–9
• Elevation: 4,000–8,000 ft
• Water: Very low
• Light: Full sun
• Mature size: 25–30 ft tall, 15–20 ft wide
• Benefits: Cold hardy, edible nuts, tolerates heat, drought, poor soils, wind
• Seasonal interest: Green year-round
• When to plant: Spring through early fall

Distinguishing Traits

Short needles (1½–2 in.) in bundles of two. Chunky 2-inch cones yield tasty nuts ripening September–October.

Landscape Uses

Ideal for small landscapes: specimen accent or grouped screen. Plant on berms for drainage. Combine with drought-tolerant natives: rabbitbrush (Ericameria), sagebrush (Artemisia), fernbush (Chamaebatiaria millefolium), Apache plume (Fallugia paradoxa).

Planting Notes

Tolerates poor, rocky soils. Must have good drainage—avoid heavy clay. Develops deep taproot; choose site carefully (transplants poorly). Water deeply but infrequently once established.