Natural Water Gardens: Working with Nature's Design

The Allure and Challenge of Natural Water Gardens

Many first-time water gardeners envision a natural pond—created by nature, in perfect harmony with its surroundings. Visually appealing, yes, but practically the most difficult water feature to organize and maintain.

There are two types: genuinely natural bodies of water, and constructed features mimicking nature. The former usually sits well visually, its location dictated by natural forces. Its outline may benefit from subtle development, but otherwise it's well-placed.

However, a natural pond's position may not suit plants—tree shade can preclude balanced planting. It may not be a clean, healthy ecosystem without intervention. But with constant water supply and stable levels, it can be incredibly rewarding. Understanding plant behavior allows easily maintained artistry; problems arise only with ill-mannered species.

Natural ponds often need gentle marginal regrading for practical planting. Sensitive soil grading enhances appearance without harming ecology or stability.

Contrived Nature: The Art of Illusion

Creating an artificial natural-looking feature is the ultimate test. Domestic gardens are inherently unnatural; introducing a countryside feature requires skill. Water only appears at low points—consider existing landform and introduce water with minimal disturbance. Thoughtful ancillary planting can create the deception of a natural setting even where none exists.

Natural water bodies rarely have sharp edges; erosion creates smooth, gentle contours. Steep sides occur only where immovable rock forces water to wash out soft soil.

Large Water Features: Benefits and Challenges

Large natural features offer minimal temperature fluctuation, making ecological balance easier to maintain. Rapid temperature changes drive algae in small ponds; in large ones, algae problems often stem from agricultural fertilizer runoff adding nutrients.

Wave action is the primary concern. Wind-driven waves cause surprising erosion; netting fastened to banks and planted through may be needed even on gentle slopes. Natural slopes result from erosion; large water edges are often shallower than garden ponds, sometimes forming stone beaches as soil washes away. When constructing large pools or lakes, incorporate unplanted beach features at main erosion points. Planted edges prevent sheet erosion but can be undermined by eddies and currents.