How to Plant Bare Root Perennials: A Step-by-Step Guide for Success

Ordering plants online in winter brings spring anticipation, but opening a box of bare root perennials can be unsettling for newcomers. These dormant plants—roots without soil or foliage—arrive looking like little more than twigs. However, with proper handling, they establish beautifully and often outperform container-grown counterparts.

Understanding Bare Root Plants

Bare root perennials range from tiny geranium divisions to substantial tree roots. The fundamentals remain consistent: inspect roots upon arrival—they should be firm and plump, not dried out or mushy. Some may already show emerging shoots. Always read the included planting instructions, as crown depth requirements vary by species.

Step-by-Step Planting Instructions

Step 1: Prepare the Hole

Dig a hole wide and deep enough to spread roots naturally without bending. For Hostas with emerging shoots, position the crown just below soil surface as directed.

Step 2: Add Starter Fertilizer

Incorporate organic plant food or superphosphate for root development. Cover fertilizer with a thin soil layer to prevent direct root contact.

Step 3: Position and Backfill

Place the plant in the hole, spreading roots outward. Gently fill with soil, firming lightly—avoid compacting, which hinders root growth.

Step 4: Water Thoroughly

Water deeply even if soil feels moist. This eliminates air pockets and ensures root-to-soil contact for nutrient uptake. Apply slug bait around vulnerable plants like Hostas.

Special Cases and Results

For geraniums with crown-at-surface requirements, dig a shallow trench, lay the root horizontally, and water in. Sprouted plants like my Hostas show rapid growth within days. Non-sprouted varieties take longer—columbines planted weeks earlier were just emerging.

With proper technique, bare root perennials offer an economical way to build a diverse garden. The key is prompt planting, correct depth, and consistent moisture during establishment.