Controlling Oleander Caterpillars: Life Cycle and Treatments

Yellow caterpillars with black feelers repeatedly infest oleander. Hand-picking and soapy water gave temporary relief.

Pest Profile

Oleander caterpillar (larva of polka-dot wasp moth) – native to Caribbean, now in Gulf states. Three generations per year. Caterpillars skeletonize leaves, then consume entire blades after draining toxic sap.

Control Strategies

• Scout in March, July, December for eggs (orange clusters under leaves) and young larvae.
• Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) – microbial insecticide, safe, effective when ingested. Reapply after rain.
• Chemical insecticides (acephate, carbaryl, etc.) for heavy infestations.
• Manual removal – caterpillars don't sting; drop in soapy water.
• Beneficials: Stink bugs, parasitic flies/wasps, fire ants, soldier bugs prey on them but rarely suffice.

See University of Florida guide for more.