Mystery Holes in a Small Tree Trunk: Woodpeckers or Something Else?

The Scene

An 8‑year‑old tree (likely a crabapple or hawthorn, given pink blossoms and red berries) has five ~4‑inch‑diameter holes encircling the trunk. The owner doubts woodpeckers could make such large holes.

Expert Take

Yellow‑bellied sapsuckers (a woodpecker species) drill neat rows of ¼‑ to ½‑inch holes to feed on sap. However, 4‑inch holes are far larger than typical sapsucker damage.

What to Do

1. Send a clear, in‑focus photo of the trunk showing the holes and surrounding bark.
2. Check for decay—probe gently with a screwdriver; soft wood suggests rot.
3. Consider other causes: mechanical injury, fungal cankers, or boring insects that enlarge existing wounds.

Legal Note

Sapsuckers are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. If they are the culprits, deterrents (shiny tape, netting) are the only legal options.