How to Identify a Black Poplar (Lombardy Poplar) Tree

Overview

Black poplar (Populus nigra), also called Lombardy poplar, is a tall European native considered invasive in parts of the U.S. Deciduous, spreads by seed, with distinct identification features.

Step 1: Size & Shape

Up to 190 feet (usually 60–90 ft), only 10–15 ft wide. Multiple stems, slender columnar form, often leaning. Low branches curve upward.

Step 2: Habitat

Sunny, moist sites with medium/coarse soils. Winter temps above -30°F. Intolerant of sand, drought, salt.

Step 3: Foliage

Dense, coarse texture. Alternate, triangular, medium-green leaves 2–4 inches with serrated edges.

Step 4: Bark

Young: smooth, grayish-green. Mature: grayish to brownish-black, thick, deep irregular furrows.

Step 5: Flowers

Male trees only: reddish to yellowish-green hanging catkins 2–3 inches, early spring, often before leaves.