Arbors in English Tudor Gardens: Design, Function, and Legacy

Arbors were essential features in every Tudor garden, serving both practical and aesthetic purposes. Two primary styles existed: square-topped and arched, both constructed from willows or osiers (flexible willow shoots).

Plant-Covered Structures

Fragrant climbers transformed these frameworks into sensory experiences:

• Rosemary, jasmine, and roses (especially sweetbrier/eglantine)
• Trellises often rested against walls for support
• As one period writer noted, herb gardeners "erected and framed most gardens in a refreshing manner"

Permanent Masonry Arbors

More substantial brick or stone structures with chimneys provided year-round utility. Notable examples include:

• The banqueting house at Hampton Court (still standing)
• A lost structure built for Elizabeth of York at Windsor

Covered Walks and Garden Circulation

Long shaded alleys connected garden areas, allowing movement without sun exposure. These featured:

• Clipped trees trained into arches (hornbeam at Hatfield, witch elm "Queen Mary's" at Hampton Court)
• Wooden arches covered with vines
• Seats and tables at path ends or near fountains for reading, writing, and refreshments

The Garden Mount

Artificial mounds provided elevated viewpoints over garden walls into parks. The Hampton Court mount (1533) featured a brick foundation, 1,200 quickset plants, and a spacious summerhouse atop.

These elements reflect the Tudor garden's dual role as cultivated sanctuary and designed landscape for leisure and display.