Types of Orchids: Terrestrial and Epiphytic Varieties

Orchid Diversity

20,000–30,000 wild species + ~10,000 man-made hybrids since 1856. Orchidaceae is the largest flowering plant family, second only to grasses in global distribution. Found in every ecosystem except aquatic, on every continent except Antarctica. Even the Arctic has three species; two Australian species grow underground.

Two Botanical Categories

Terrestrial orchids grow on the ground. Epiphytic orchids grow on trees or rocks.

Notable Species

Anoectochilus violacea (Terrestrial)

Native to Philippines. Small lavender/white flowers in winter/spring. Name means "no ears on floral column." Prefers warmth, shade, moisture.

Anguloa uniflora (Terrestrial)

"Boat orchid" or "tulip orchid." 18–24 inches, native to Colombian Andes. Large creamy-white fragrant flowers with hinged lip for insect pollination. Blooms spring/summer; likes shade, medium-cold temps. Reduce watering after maturity to encourage flowering.

Ascocentrum curvifolium (Epiphytic)

6-inch monopodial, native to Thailand. Half-inch orange-red flowers in late spring/summer. Prefers medium-warmth, shade, even moisture.

Cattleya (Epiphytic)

Most popular, 60+ species, named for William Cattley. Native to American tropics (Mexico to Brazil). Brightly colored, narrow flowers, pseudobulbs, leathery leaves. Likes medium-warmth, bright (not harsh) light, air circulation, high humidity, good drainage. Preferred for orchid gardening.