Growing Sambucus (Elderberry): Hardy Shrubs for Fruit and Wildlife

Plant Overview

Elderberry (Sambucus) includes hardy deciduous shrubs and small trees native to North America, Europe, and Asia. Clusters of white flowers in spring give way to dark purple berries in midsummer.

Site and Soil

Full to partial sun. Average garden soil with good drainage. Tolerates a range of pH.

Planting and Spacing

Space 6–10 ft apart. Plant at same depth as nursery container. Water well after planting.

Care

Water regularly first year. Prune hard in late winter to maintain size, shape, and bright foliage on yellow‑leaved cultivars. Remove old, weak canes.

Uses and Benefits

Excellent in shrub borders, as specimen plants, and for wildlife—birds love the berries. Flowers and berries are edible (cooked) for syrups, jams, wine.

Pests and Diseases

Generally trouble‑free. Occasional aphids or borers can be managed with horticultural oil or pruning.