Orchid Care Essentials: Water, Light, Fertilizer, and Repotting

The #1 Killer: Overwatering

Orchids are epiphytes—roots need air. Bark media looks dry but holds moisture. Water when pot feels light, roots silvery (not green). Typically 7–14 days. Flush thoroughly; drain completely.

Light: Bright Indirect

East window ideal. South/west with sheer curtain. 12–14 hrs/day. Leaves: light grassy green = good; dark green = too little; yellow/red = too much.

Fertilizer: Weakly, Weekly

Balanced orchid fertilizer (20-20-20 or 30-10-10) at 1/4 strength every watering. Flush monthly with plain water. Bloom booster (high P) in fall for winter/spring spikes.

Phalaenopsis (Moth Orchid) Specifics

• Reblooms on old spike: cut above node after flowers drop.
• Repot every 2 years post-bloom (spring). Medium-grade fir bark.
• Air roots normal—don't bury.
• Temp drop (10–15°F night) triggers spike initiation.

Four Growth Habits

• Terrestrial: Soil (cymbidium, paphiopedilum).
• Lithophyte: Rocks (some dendrobiums).
• Saprophyte: Decaying matter (rare).
• Epiphytic: Tree bark (phalaenopsis, cattleya, oncidium, vanda). Most common.

Repotting Steps

1. Remove old media; rinse roots.
2. Trim dead (brown/mushy) roots.
3. Select pot: clear plastic, 1" larger.
4. Pack bark firmly around roots.
5. Stake if wobbly. No water 3 days—let cuts callus.

Troubleshooting

No bloom = insufficient light/temp drop. Bud blast = dry air/drafts/ethylene (fruit). Spots = fungal/bacterial—improve air, remove affected. Scale/mealybugs = alcohol swab + neem oil.