Climate-Responsive Outdoor Spaces: Design with Sun, Wind, and Water

Understanding your climate is key when adding to your home's outdoor spaces. Whether planning a simple deck or expansive outdoor kitchen, knowing your climate's particulars greatly improves the outcome. Here are design concepts to create a relaxing, comfortable outdoor room perfect for where you live.

First, identify why you want an outdoor space. How will you use it most? And when?

Sun

In the northern hemisphere, the sun is higher in summer, lower in winter. It rises east, sets west, so south sides receive more sun than north. In summer we prefer shade; in winter, sunlight is integral. Unless you live in a warm climate or southern hemisphere, avoid the north side of your home (constant winter shade). Instead, use a south-side location or open area away from the house, surrounded by deciduous trees. Summer: ample shade; winter: leaves gone, sun passes through.

Passive solar design controls sunlight impact—allowing it in during cold months, blocking it when hot. Large overhangs help control and use sun to advantage. On a smaller scale, louvers angled based on location can block or permit sun depending on season.

Wind

Know the prevailing wind direction. Wind impacts can be positive or negative—strong winds uncomfortable, light breezes refreshing, especially when hot.

Trees and bushes lessen wind impact. Landscape plantings create softer, more enjoyable spaces if they don't block desired views.

A sunken courtyard combined with plantings reduces wind impact, adding privacy and a refuge for relaxation.

Water

Water is life but can be destructive. We need water for gardens, but must ensure it doesn't destroy outdoor spaces.

If you have impervious surfaces (concrete, brick pavers), allow water to run off in a controlled manner—around 1/4-inch slope toward permeable areas (yard, planting bed, mulch).

A cover protects from rain/snow and creates comfortable shade. Gutters direct water away. Place a planting bed at the downspout end to utilize water and reduce watering costs. Decorative rain chains direct water while adding design interest.

A fountain or small creek enhances ambience. The sound of water creates a relaxing environment and dampens unwanted noise like traffic.